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the person you are sending it to is usually made aware that they have new mail by their e-mail system. This is done in a variety of ways. Sometimes the message is highlighted in bold. Sometimes the system says, "You've got mail!" Sometimes there's a little ding. In fact, I think most designers of e-mail systems consider notification of new mail a pretty core functional requirement.
My free gmail even let's me know when I have a new message. It's not extra or anything.